Smell and Taste Play an Important Role in Birds

[Monica]

Got this from my local bird club, and thought that it might help explain some things, if not frighten you at the same time! Very interesting article!

Smell and Taste Play an Important Role in Birds
Reprinted from Harry Nehls, the Audubon Society of Portland

For years ornithologists’ thought that birds had little or no sense of smell. It was a hotly debated issue and many experiments were conducted to prove or disprove whether they could smell or not. The matter is still not settled, but modern data indicates that all birds have and use their sense of smell.

Birds breathe through their nostrils; which leads air into three internal nasal cavities (called concha). There the air is purified and warmed before moving on into the lungs. It is in these cavities that the olfactory organs are found.

Some species have large conspicuous olfactory organs and on others they’re small and inconspicuous, but all seem to function to the needs of the bird. It has long been known that vultures, seabirds, and Kiwis have a strong sense of smell, but scientists generally regard most other birds, especially the small land birds, as having no sense of smell at all.

Recent studies have proven that even finches and sparrows have a sense of smell not unlike that of rats and mice. Experiments with mallards have shown that when the female is ready to mate it releases pheromones in the oils that it uses to clean its feathers. Male mallards become sexually active when they smell this odor. When the male sense of smell is impaired, sexual responses are severely reduced.

Rather surprising, but perhaps it should be expected that experiments have shown that the European Starling can smell certain plants that contain chemicals that can disinfect its nest of parasites, thus increasing successful fledging of young. The theory that a mother bird will reject its nest and young if handled by humans has long ago been disproved. If a bird were repulsed by the smell of humans it would be in real trouble. Humans and their smell are everywhere.

The sense of taste in birds has proven to be very difficult subject. It is hard to separate if taste, smell, or sight is important in food selection. At one time it was believed that birds had no sense of taste at all, but that too has changed. It had been found that birds have 50-100 taste buds depending on the species, in comparison to mammals that have up to 9,000. This enables humans and mammals to sense a wide variety of taste combinations. Birds on the other hand have a limited, but well-defined ability to sense select tastes that are most important to the study.

Unlike those of mammals, taste buds in birds are not found on the tongue, which is a hard bony tool, but in the soft tissue inside the mouth. Food passes quickly through the mouth so there is little time to evaluate the taste of what is picked up, but the birds receive enough information to identify the taste.

While most birds avoid salty or mineral water, finches, pigeons and several other species seek out saltlicks and mineral deposits. Finches and other birds that do not get needed minerals from the food they eat regularly pick up minerals from roadside gravel and other sources. The sense of taste at that time is most important.

One clue to the differences of taste between birds and mammals concern chili peppers and other spices. Birds relish hot spices and get considerable nourishment from them. On the other hand, spices repel most mammals. Recently squirrel-proof wild birdseed has come on the market. It is liberally mixed with chili pepper bits. After a few visits to the feeder the squirrels will not return, but the birds are even more attracted than before. Another promising product is on the market, a spray that makes grass taste bad to ducks and geese. This should reduce complaints from gold course and city park managers. Other sprays repel birds from fruit trees and bushes.

Although there is still quite a bit to learn on ho birds use smell and taste in their lives, we have already found that both are very important, not always in ways humans and mammals use these senses, but in the ways important to the birds.

[Freedomoflight]

ha- I read that today! Good article huh?

[Monica]

Indeed it is!

[Rue]

...and that's why I disagree that a pellet only diet is sufficient (ie. Harrison's)...and that's why apparently Pekoe loves these Kaytee puffs I just bought him...I tasted one and *blech*...

[Alika]

Me, too, Rue. I trust the pellets to be nutritionally sufficient and only feed fresh foods for enrichment (taste, touch, smell, etc.)

It's also the reason I feed the colored pellets as opposed to the plain ones. Believe it or not, my birds have favorite colors/flavors, eating them first and saving the ones they like least for last (though eventually eating them, too). I don't care what anybody says about colored pellets, to me, this means they are thinking about their food a bit and that makes them enriching.

[Rue]

...yes, I can see the appeal of the colours (they appeal to me too, although I found the odour overwhelming), but was worried about unneccessary additives...so I weaned Pekoe off them...and Ever never was on the coloured ones...and since Pekoe and the 'tiels all eat the 'tiel-sized (almost no waste at all ) it works out for everyone...

...the budgies are also eating the budgie-sized pellets...and my daughter has the finches eating some of the finch-sized pellets...LOL...we have every size except Macaw!...

...so mine get their colours and textures etc., from their other foods...

...I don't think there is a wrong and a right...personal preference only at this point...