Parrot Instinct- how do they know???

[MiniMama]

I had lunch in the backyard with my birdies today. All was fine, until Bacio jumped off my shoulder in a start. Bella then flew across the yard. I picked them both up and tried to figure out what was wrong. BAcio was very interested in something in the sky, but I couldn't see anything. A few pigeons flew over head, but no startlled jumps. Finally, stupid human here saw a hawk way, way up in the sky. Made me wonder- how come Bacio knows hawks=not good, but pigeons and black birds=OK. He has never been exposed to the wild, and has not learned from any other parrot that hawks are bad. Hjmmmm..

[The Outlaw]

I think that all prey animals know about predators. Its one of the problems we humans have with our birds. Predators always have eyes set on the front of their heads. Other animals have eyes on the sides of their heads to keep a look out for the bad guys. To a bird, humans, snakes, hawks, cats, etc. are all very dangerous predators.

[felisdomesticus]

I always wonder how Scarlett knows that the cries outside are from birds like her. She responds to them and even to videos of Outlaw's birds. As far as I know, she's never lived with another bird before.